Mgmt Definition,Nature

Definitions of Management 
F.W. Taylor: Management is the art of “knowing what you want to do” and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way.  Henry Fayol: To management is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.  Ralph C. Davis: “Management is the function of executive leadership anywhere”.  E.F.L. Breach: “Management is concerned with seeing that the jobs gets done: it tasks all center on planning and guiding the operations that are going on in the enterprise”. ”It is the persuasiveness of these human elements that gives management its special character as a social process”.
George R. Terry: “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources”.
William Spriegel and Richard Lansburg: “Management is that function of an enterprise which concerns itself with the direction and control of the various activities to attain the business objectives. Management is essentially an executive function; it deals particularly with the active directions of the human efforts”.
Lawrence A. Appley: “Management is the development of people and not the direction of things” Management is personnel administration.  Sir Chales Renold: “Management is the process of getting things done through the agency of a community”.  Donald J. Clough: “Management is the art and science of decision-making and leadership”.  Dalton E. Mcfarland: “Management is the process by which managers create, direct, maintain and co-operate purposive organizations through systematic, coordinated, co-operative human efforts”.  Stanley Vance: “Management is the simply the process of decision making and control over the action of human being for the express purpose of attaining predetermined goals”.
R.M.Currie: Management is “the organization and the control of human activity is directed towards specific ends.”  The American management association: Management is “the art of getting things done through other people”.  Peter F.Drucker: “Management is work, and as such it has its own skills, its own tools, its own techniques. Management is the origin, the life giving acting dynamic organ of the institutions it manages”.
Managers use all the resources of the organization, both physical as well as human.
The features of management are

1. Management is and art.
2. It is also a discipline or a science.
3. It is a process of achieving result.
4. It is a social process involving integration of people for common objective.

Nature of Management:
Management is the primary force within any organization which co-ordinate the activities of its various systems and relates them to environment. The need for management arises out of scarcity of the resources that satisfy human wants, and out of diversity and complexity of human activity. We can confidently say that management, is one of humanity’s most notable discoveries.
Peter Drucker has correctly remarked neither result nor resources exit inside the business, both exit outside”.
Management uses resources to achieve the predetermined objective. The business manager interprets
The need of the situation as it arises and make up appropriated arrangements.
Management is like the brain in the human bodies, without which, the human body is just a collection of a flesh and bones unable to do any thing, similarly, the various factor of production like money, materials, machinery and man power lead to nothing unless a calibered management is a present to plan, organize, direct, co-ordinate and control them. Without management no objective can be achieved. Management is the most important function concerned with all aspects of the making of an enterprise.

Mgmt Importance/Significance - Need

Importance/significance of Management:
The modern world is witnessing continuously breakthroughs in science and technology there is no doubt that all the breakthroughs and developments were made possible by efficient & effective management.1.5.1 Efficient accomplishment of pre-determined goals: Management facilitates efficient accomplishment of goals. Activities & functions performed by various individuals in the organization are properly directed and coordinated towards these goals by mangers. Successful managers are responsible for growth and expansion of an enterprise. Quite often it is in efficient management that retards the growth & expansions of the organization. A team of professional manager successfully led, motivate and guide other for making valuable contribution toward the goals.1.5.2 Effective & optimum utilization of resources: An effective an optimum utilization of all resources can be secure by applying managerial knowledge. Management integrates physical & human resources for realizing objective. Wastage and spoilage of resources are minimized to a great extent. Optimum use of resources brings good result to the organization.1.5.3 Higher efficiency: An application of management knowledge result in a proper and effective utilization of resources and helps in reducing the cost of various operation. By economizing various operation related to distribution and production and the entire functioning of the organization can be made cost efficient.1.5.4 Corporate image: Management remains a critical variable in an organization because survival, profitability and growth of an organization, to a large extent, depend on a professional approach and abilities of manager. Proper management enables the organization to enhance corporate image. This is because of quality products of services offered by the company.
NEED FOR MANAGEMENT: management is an essential accompaniment of all social organizations & it is to be found everywhere as a distinct, separate & dominant activity. To Meet the Challenges of Change: In recent years the challenge of change has become intense & critical. The complexities of modern business can be overcome only by scientific management.
For effective utilization of the seven M’s: there are seven M’s in business viz., men, materials, money, machines, methods markets & management. Management stands at top of all these Ms. It determines & controls all other factors of business. For the Development of resources: Good business by creating vital dynamic & life- giving force in the oraganisation.  Management directs the Organization: just as the mind directs & controls the body to fulfill its desire, similarly management directs & control the organizations to achieve the desired goal. Integrate various interest: in the group efforts, there are various interest group & they put pressure over other groups for maximum share in the total output. Management balance these pressure & integrate the various interests. Management provides stability: in the modern society the management provides stability by changing & modifying the resource in accordance with the changing environment of the society.  Management provides Innovation: management provides new ideas, imagination & vision to the organization & necessary life for better & greater performance. Management provides Coordination & establish team spirit: management co-ordinations the activities of the different departments if an enterprise & establish team spirit amongst the personnel. Tackle business problems:  goods management serves as a friend philosopher & guide in a tackling business problems. It provides a tool for the best way of doing a task. A tool of personality Development:  Management is necessary not only for direct things, but also for the development of men. I t makes the personality of the people & the attempts to raise their efficiency & productivity.

Functions of Mgmt or Managerial Functions

Functions of Management: Managerial Functions:1.7.1 Planning: planning involves selecting missions & objectives & the action to achieve them, it requires decision-making that is, choosing future courses of action from among alternatives. Planning is a function which is performed by managers at all levels-top, middle & supervisory.1.7.2 Organizing: Organizing involves the preparation necessary for implementing plans. People working together in groups to achieve goals must have roles to play much like the parts actors fill in a drama. The concept of “role” implies that what people do has a definite purpose of objectives, they know how their job objective fits into group effort & they have the necessary authority, tools & information to accomplish the task. Organizing, then, is that part of managing that involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for people to fill in an organization.1.7.3 Directing: Directing involves leading & motivating members of the organization in such a way that they will contribute to organization & group goals. In addition to achieving the organizations immediate goals, the manager, through leadership abilities & the ability to motivate subordinates, must satisfy the needs of employees so the organization can continue to exist in future. All managers would agree that their most important problems arise from people – their desires & attitudes, their behavior as individuals & in group. Effecting managers also need to be effective leaders.1.7.4 Controlling: controlling involves guiding the organization in the direction that it should be going in order to accomplish its goals. Controlling is the measuring & correcting of activities of sub-ordinates to ensure that events conform to plans. The managers must ensure that everything occurs in conformity with the plan, adopted, the instructions issued & the principles established. This is the controlling function of management, & involves monitoring the activities of the organization & comparing the with the organizational, it is the manager’s job to make the changes needed to bring the performance in the line with the plans. The alternative is to modify the plans. In the absence of sound control, there is no guarantee that the objectives which have been set up will be realized.1.7.5 Coordinating: coordinating involves ensuring that the diverse but inter-related activities in the organizations and directed toward the accomplishment of organizational goals. If the activities of the members of the organization are not coordinated, people will be working at cross-purposes, & in some cases against each other. Obviously, larger the organization, the more complex the job of coordination. Staffing: It means manning the position created by organisation process. This process includes the selection of the candidates for position, fixing financial compensation, training & development, promotion, transfer etc. Staffing assists in the section of the duties of the right man for the right job. The manager can conveniently perform the duties of the analysis, job description, appraisal of efficiency, etc., which come under staffing function. Motivation: It is the act of stimulating a person to get a desired course of action. It is concerned with the will to work. It seeks to know the incentives for work & tries to find out the means whereby the realization can be helped an encouraged. It is a constructive force in management by objectives & direction.